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II. Повторение. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на перевод конструкций:

А. Причастие + инфинитив (типа expected to reach) (§ 25)

1. The diagram shows the ionization expected to exist at various depths in the atmosphere.

2. Through the telescope Jupiter shows a series of belts * found to be located parallel to its equator.

Б. For + существительное + инфинитив (§ 18)

3. The biological effects of cosmic rays in space are unlikely to be serious. Artificial satellites stay in their orbits long enough for this problem to be studied in detail.

4. For a battery to be charged it is only necessary to maintaia "an electric current in it in a direction opposite to that in which the current flows when the cell is in use.

Лексические упражнения

12. Переведите предложения.

Помните, что значение глагола-сказуемого в предложении легко раскрывается без словаря, если опираться на значение существительного - прямого дополнения (§ 113).

1. Cybernetics has brought about a revolution in the design of machines.

2. We shall confine our attention to those major objects in the solar system that are readily accessible, namely Mars, Venus, the Moon and the Earth.

3. From the above-mentioned data we can draw the following conclusion.

4. The application of thermodynamics in chemistry and engineering have yielded many valuable results.

5. The student will acquire all the necessary information from this book.

13. Переведите со словарем следующие предложения.

Помните, что если вам неизвестны значения глагола и существитель-лого - прямого дополнения, то в первую очередь следует искать в словаре значение существительного (§ 113).

1. Charged particles passing through matter experience collisions as a result of which they are scattered and lose kinetic energy.

2. The use of manned satellites imposes restrictions on the construction of the capsule used.

3. It is possible to facilitate the escape of an electron from a conductor by increasing its speed.

4. A digital computer executes a sequence of operations called instructions.

* belt -пояс



14. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на перевод словосочетания to be aware of (smtti.) (3,3).

1. People working at the atomic power station must be always aware of the dangers involved in dealing with the reactor.

2. Scientists are not awaie of the way how life originated on the Earth.

15. Переведите предложения, содержащие глагол to succeed (3,8). После перевода назовите два значения этого глагола.

1. Jet airplanes and rockets succeeded the piston-engined airplanes.

2. Since Mercury and Venus move in orbits lying between the Earth and the Sun, they are visible only in the hours succeeding sunset and preceeding sunrise.

3. Einstein succeeded in calculating that the inertial mass of ray of light equals the energy of the ray, divided by the square of the velocity of light.

4. In spite of many attempts with the very best spectrographic equipment no one has succeeded in detecting water vapour on Venus.

5. Heinrich Hertz, a German physicist, was the first to succeed in producing electrical waves experimentally.

le. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на перевод выделенных словосочетаний со словом all (3,13). После перевода предложений повторите значения выделенных словосочетаний.

1. The process of creating an electron flow by friction is not used in practice at all.

2. Alpha rays have positive charges, beta rays are negatively charged, while gamma rays have no charge at all.

3. Our aim in writing this book has been, above all, to present an account of modern practice in infra-red technique.

4. After all, the rays of the Sun (as a source of power) can be put to work without much costly * machinery.

5. After all, most people think more readily in terms of words than in terms of equations.

6. By 1900 the rockets began to take back seat as war weapons an*d armies all over the world had abandoned them.

7. First of all, you have to remember the laws governing the motion of bodies in free space.

17. Переведите предложения.

Помните, что сочетания as high as, as low as перед цифрами перево-дятся словом «до» (вплоть до), сочетания as early as, as recently as - «еще».

1. Some people can hear sounds as high as 20,000 cycles.

2. In the chemical rocket the temperature of gases may be as high as 3,500° Centigrade.

costly - дорогостоящий



3. The voltage dropped to as low as 25 volts.

4. The possibility of releasing large amounts of energy was demonstrated as early as 1919 by Rutherford.

5. The planet Pluto was discovered as recently as 1930.

6. It was as recently as December 1937 that the first flight of radio-controlled airplane using automatic landing techniques was accomplished.

18. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на перевод слова long (3,19) н словосочетаний с ним.

1. Our present knowledge of the structure of the atom has been gained from long, difficult experiments conducted by scientists in several countries.

2. Venus appears in the sky early in the evening but does not stay long.

3. Through the use of Sputrriks we obtained long-needed information of cosmic rays intensity.

4. At heights above 25 to 28 miles the atmospheric ozone no longer protects against ultra-violet radiation from the Sun.

5. This equation indicates to us the altitudes above which aerodynamic heating is no longer a problem.

6. As long as there is a difference of potential between two points in a circuit, there will be a flow of electricity.

7. The heavier-than-air machine maintains flight as long as the power plant functions properly.

8. So long as the gunpowder goes on burning and producing gas, the rocket will go on moving.

9. It is believed that parachutes were invented long before balloons.

10. Long before the internal structure of atoms was studied, chemists had learned much about the elements.

19. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на возможные способы перевода глагола to expand (3,15).

1. The gases expand when passing through the blades of the turbine.

2. Heat causes the molecules of air to speed up and makes the air expand.

3. The cold air is heated in passing through the compressor and it expands into the combustion chamber *.

4. The kinetic theory offers a picture of what takes place when a gas expands through a small opening into a region* of lower pressure.

* combustion chamber - камера сгорания

* region - область



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