2. Along with a long list of possible attractive characteristics of reactors, there are, unfortunately, certain dangerous points.

by vfrtue of (7,20)

3. Heat is the energy that a body possesses by virtue of the fact that its molecules are in motion.

4. The internal combustion engine is unlike a steam engine which works by virtue of the introduction of steam which has been raised externally in a boiler .

15. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на то, что слово subject (7,26) может представлять собой различные части речи.

subject п тема, вопрос, предмет

subject-matter сущность, содержание

to be subject to {smth.) подвергаться (чему-л.)

to subject to подвергать воздействию (че-

го-л.) »

1. In writing this book the width of the subject has prevented the details from being presented.

2. The book was concerned with the subject-matter qj natural science and its applications.

3. An instrument which reads correctly at one frequency may be subject to considerable errors at other frequencies.

4. Physical phenomena occurring on the earth are subject to complex influences, partly of solar origin.

5. Certain static fluids are subjected to accelerations.

6. We can now liquefy all known gases by subjecting them to high pressures and cooling them by expansion.

16, Переведите предложения, содержащие обороты this Is the case, such Is the case «это имеет место»; as Is the case «как ато имеет место» и this Is not the case «это не так» (7,28).

1. When the magnetic field is produced by more than one charge, as Is usually the case, the resultant force must be obtained by a vector summation of the forces due to individual charges.

2. Every material body is made either of an element or of a combination of two or more elements. Almost always, the latter Is the case.

3. The realization of space flight is closely connected with the development of suitable power plants and propulsion systems. Such lias been the case for the development of aircraft and missiles, and to a certain extent, such is the case for space flight.

4. The word "atom" means "indivisible" and at the time this term was invented atom was believed to be the smallest unit. Though this is now known not to be the case.

5. Since Venus is the nearest of the planets it should logically be an easy object to study. Unfortunately, this is not the case.

17. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на многозначность слова опсе и сочетаний с ним (7,29).

once adu однажды, один раз. когда-то

once more еще раз

once с/ если, когда

at once сразу

1. The Earth revolves in its orbit once a year and also rotntes uniformly on its axis once a day.

2. Earth and Moon travel together, making a complete trip around the Sun once a year.

3. Heat was once considered as being a fluid.

4. The rare2 earth elements are a group of 15 elements whose position in the periodic table was once considered exceptional.

5. Once a space vehicle is in its orbit, the crew will no longer experience the Earths gravitational pull and will be weightless.

6. It is surprising how simple many problems of physics become once the meaning of each concept involved is completely understood. *

7. At ordinary atmospheric pressure helium, once liquefied, remains liquid to the lowest temperature that can be reached.

8. Before taking off the pilot checked his controls once more.

9. The thrust magnitude and direction are at once known in terms of the motor performance.

10. It should not be thought that Newtons theory of gravitation was at once universally accepted.

18. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на перевод оборота as far as (so far as) smtfi. Is concerned (7,30) «что касается», «поскольку речь идет o>.

1. Although gamma rays are electromagnetic radiation, they behave (certainly, as far as ionization is concerned) as though they were minute particles of energy, called photons.

2. A direct current flows continuously through a circuit in one direction only, although it may not be steady so far as magnitude is concerned.

3. So far as fluid mechanics is concerned, the main difference between liquid and gaseous states is in their relative compressibility.

4. The force of gravity enteis into the design of airplanes because part of the thrust is used to maintairr lift and this force is thus lost in so far as the forward motion is concerned.

* axis -ось 2 rare - редкий check - проверять

19. Переведите предложения, содержащие существительное art (7,33) н его производные.

1. Applications of solid propellant rockets to long-range missiles, guided missiles and boosting have grown with the continuing improvements in the art of rocketry.

2. Radar has been defined as "the art" of detecting by means of radio echoes the presence of objects, determining their direction and range, recognizing their character and employing the data thus obtained.

3. This paper will attempt to review the state-of-the-art in the field of orientation and stabilization of satellites.

4. The launching of the first artificial Earth satellite was of great value for space research and exploration.

5. Artificially radioactive materials, made available through the use of nuclear reactors, have proved extremely valuable.

20 Повторение. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на перевод выделенных словосочетаний с глаголом:

to set inlo motion, to come into play, to come into operation, consideration is given, reference is made, care is taken, mention is made, emphasis is placed, account is taken, it takes smb. to do smth.

1. When electrons in a conductor are set into motion by the action of an alternating emf, (heir acceleration leads to the emission of radio waves.

2. When two surfaces are in contact and one moves over the ofher, a force opposing: the motion comes into play.

3. Solar and cosmic noise may become the main source of signal interference when ultrasensitive receivers come into operation.

4. The speed of sound is the time it takes for sound to travel from its source to its receiver.

5. Careful consideration must be given to the frictional losses of the mechanism.

6. The present paper deals mainly with B.B.C. Television, although reference has been made where necessary to other major developments in this field both at home and abroad.

7. Care has alwa>s to be taken to avoid contact of liquid oxygen with any combustible material.

8. Emphasis is placed on the physical understanding of rocket behaviour as well as on the mathematical formulation of the theory.

9. Mention has already been made of the ionosphere which is a storehouse of free energy.

10. In considering real fluids account must be taken of the shearing force required to overcome viscosity.

shearing Гогсе - срезывающее усилие