12. The Sun is continually sending out energy in the form of radiation.

13. In 1897 J. J. Thomson proved that the cathode rays consisted of particles which carried negative charge and are an essential constituent of all atoms; these particles were called electrons.

Б. Выделительная конструкция (§ 99)

1. It was N. I. Kibalchich (1854-1881), the revolutionist and member of the Narodnaya Volya, who first developed a project for a manned rocket aircraft in Russia.

2. It was Faraday who first suggested that electrolytic action might be used for measuring currents.

3. Curiously*, it was not an astronomer but the great German philosopher Immanuel Kant who first advanced the nebular hypothesis.

4. It is because of their inertia that balls of all kinds continue their motion when thrown or struck.

5. It was not until 1609 that the German astronomer Johannes Kepler described planetary paths correctly for the first time.

6. It is the electrons which are responsible for the radio appearance of the Sun, and it is the corona rather than the photosphere which can be explored by radio waves.

7. It was Newton who first showed that white light can be split into many colours, all of which are present in the white light.

B. Инверсия (§ 93-97)

1. Shown in Fig. 92 is a 500-line television picture of what may be expected to be seen on the surface of the moon with a 10 db. signal-to-noise ratio.

2. Built into the spacesuit of the astronaut. were simple and convenient sensors which converted the physiological parameters into electric signals.

3. Brought together in this work are the essential principles underlying configuration design of guided missiles.

4. Associated with the bombardment of atoms in the upper atmosphere by particles from the Sun is an aurora.

5. ncomplete though the information about the constitution of the atmosphere of the planets obtained by this method may be it is still of great value.

Лексические упражнения

13. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на то, что подлежащее в этих предложениях значительно удалено от сказуемого, вследствие чего ускользает смысловая связь между этими членами предложения.

Сначала рекомендуется перевести часть предложения, расположенную до сказуемого, а затем вернуться к подлежащему.

curiously - интересно, что .„ • sensor - датчик

1. The presence of free oxygen in the atmosphere of the earti. of particular importance for the existence of animal life, is attribu-ted to the widespread vegetation over the surface of the earth.

2. The use of fusion, which is the third method of using nuclear energy for propulsion in the space vehicles of the future could become attractive.

3. Strong evidence that atoms did, in fact, possess an observable internal structure was provided from spectroscopic observations of the light.

4. The energy of a collection of protons and neutrons forming a stable nucleus is lower than the energy of the constituent protons and neutrons, when separated from each other.

14. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на многозначность глагола to account for (I.объяснять; 2. учитывать; 3. компенсировать) (8,6).

1. Einsteins theory of light was put forward to account for the photoelectric effect.

2. There exists so far no mathematical theory that would account satisfactorily for the actually observed types of fluid motion.

3. The number of free electrons increases with increase in temperature, thus accounting for the high negative temperature coefficient of resistance in semiconductors.

4. In considering real fluids the force required to overcome viscosity must be accounted for.

5. Care must be taken to account for the possibility of airflow interference between the missile and airplane.

6. In this case fusion processes yield enough energy to account for the losses to the surroundings,

15. Переведите предложения, содержащие слова одного словообразовательного ряда.

pure а, purify v, purification n, purity n, impurity n

1. The surface tension * of all pure liquids and most mixtures decreases with temperature.

2. Special devices were used to purify metals.

3. After purification the water was fed through the pipe.

4. Deuterium, the heavy isotope of hydrogen is obtained in high purity by the electrolysis of water.

5. In quantitative analysis, radiation is used to detect very small amounts of impurities in various materials.

trace n, tracer n, trace v, traceable a

6. The removal of all traces of oil must be done before starting the magneto.

• surface tension - поверхностное натяжение

7. If we bring a trace of gas into a glass tube from which the air has been evacuated and let an electric discharge pass through, the gas will begin to glow.

8. Radioactive tracer techniques introduce a most powerful analytical tool.

9. The similarity and lack of similarity among solids, liquids and gases may be traced to the structure of their molecules.

10. Viscosity, is traceable to the molecular structure of a fluid.

average a, on the average, average и

11. The positron appears to have an average life of only a few billionth of a second (10- sec).

12. The material of Jupiter is much lighter on the average than the Earths material.

13. The temperature averages 60 or 65 below zero at that altitude.

le. Повторение. Переведите предложения, обращая вииманне на перевод выде> ленных словосочетаний:

this Is the case, this Is not the case, so far as (smth.) Is concerned, to be referred to as (smth.), no matter how, in terms of (smth)

1. The absence of an atmosphere causes the Moons temperature to vary much more than is the case on the Earth.

2. If our Earth were exactly ellipsoidal, the orbit of an artificial satellite would be comparatively easy to calculate. We know, however, that this is not the case.

3. The fundamental difference between fusion and fission reactions, as far as practical attainment of power is concerned is that it is extremely difficult to make the light elements react.

4. Several experimentors began their aeronautical activities with helicopters, and some success was achieved, so far as obtaining lift was concerned.

5. To emphasize the fact that some stars do not change thejr relative positions with respect to one another, they are referred to as "fixed" stars.

6. A certain quantity of work is equivalent to a certain quantity of heat, no matter how that work is turned into heat.

7. One of the first failures of classical physics resulted from attempts to describe the thermal radiation of hot bodies in terms of classical statistical mechanics.

Словообразовательное упражнение

17. Переведите следующие слова, учитывая, что префикс semi- соответствует значению приставки «полу-э, trans- «транс-» н поп-«- «не»:

semiconductor, semicircle, semimonocoque, semiautomatic, transatlantic, transoceanic, transcontinental, non-conductor, nonessential, non-standard, nondurable