Упражнение иа перевод терминов

18. Переведите сложные термины, в которых каждые два существительных, стоящих рядом, выражают одно понятие.

combustion chamber surface area (камера сгорания) (площадь поверхности) площадь поверхности камеры сгорания

Упражнения в чтении

19. Прочитайте следующие глаголы с префиксами de-. un- и fore-, соблюдая правильное ударение:

demobilize unarm foresee

decode unclose foretell

deform unfix forecast

demagnetize unlock demilitarize

20. Прочитайте следующие слова из основного текста:

cosmic [lozmil<]

Anrelognaizd]

unrecognized roughly [rAfli radiant [reidjant] curiously [I<ju9ri3sb] hypothesis [Iiaip38isis]

residual [rizidjuall

spontaneous span temjas]

immediately i mirdjalli]

attribute [aetribjurt]

aurora bor.--alis [э:гэ:гэ ,bD:rieilis]

whereas [weaTsez]

21. Прочитайте предложения из основного текста, содержащие эллиптическую конструкцию. Соблюдайте правильное ударение и паузы.

1. High in the atmosphere, most of the primary rays collide violently...

cosmic

ДОПОЛНИТЕЛЬНЫЕ ТЕКСТЫ ДЛЯ ПЕРЕВОДА 1. EXPLORING OUR SUN •

(Для перевода без словаря)

How close to the Sun could a man-carrying ship approach in safety? The answer to this question depends upon the skill of the refregiration experts; my guess * is that five million miles is an attainable distance even with a crew-carrying vehicle.

There is one useful trick 2 we may employ to get quite close to the Sun in (almost) perfect safety. This is to use some asteroid or comet as a sunshade, and the best choise known at the moment is the little flying mountain named Icarus.

This minor planet travels on an orbit that every thirteen months brings it within a mere 17 million miles of the Sun.

Occasionally, it-also passes quite close to Earth; it was within 4 million miles of us in 1968.

Though small in diameter (approximately one or two miles), Icarus casts a cone of shadow into space, and in the cold shelter* of that shadow, a ship could travel safely around the Sun.

Small though it is, this minor planet must weigh about 10 billion tons.

There may be other asteroids that go even closer to the Sun, if there are not, we may undoubtedly one day make them do so by a nudge at the right point in the orbit.

It is interesting to consider how long the travel would take. Being a rather small star, the Sun is "only" three million miles in circumference*. A satellite just outside its atmosphere would move about a million miles an hour, so would circle it every three hours.

Magneto-hydrodynamics is concerned with the handling of very hot gases in magnetic fields. Already it has enabled us to produce temperatures of tens of millions of degrees in the laboratory, and ultimately it may lead us to the limitless power from hydrogen fusion.

1 suggest that, when we have acquired some real mastery of this infant science, it will also give us magnetic and electric shields that can provide far more effective protection against both temperature and pressure that can be obtained from any walls of metal.

* guess - предположение

2 trick - прием, уловка

cast a cone of shadow - бросать тень в виде конуса

* shelter - убежище, прикрытие-

* nudge - толчок

circumference - окружность

• А. С1 а г к. "Profiles of tiie Future".

2. DIGITAL COMPUTERS

(Для перевода со словарем)

Computer equipment may be divided into two major classifications: analog and digital.

A digital device operates directly upon numbers. Its basic operation is counting, whether the counting of beads, of gear teeth, or of electrical pulses. All of the mathematical operations are )erformed by counting or addition. In digital computation a prob-em is broken down into a series of arithmetic steps which are completed in sequence to arrive at the solution. This method is known as a sequential operation and is in effect the same as if pencil and paper were used to carry out arithmetic operations. The difference, of course, is that the tremendous speed and memory capacity of the digital computer permit complex calculations to be made in a fraction of a second. A point to emphasize is that mathematical operations and the method by which the computer derives a final result have little, if any, resemblance to the actions of the physical problem under study.

The accuracy of a digital computer solutions is theoretically unlimited. The precision of a digital computer is readily increased by providing additional decimal places in the numbers throughout the equipment. However this both increases the cost of the equipment and decreases the speed of the computation.

Because of its numerical nature, the digital computer is well suited to problems involving the processing of large masses of data where single calculations are repeated over and over again. Consequently, digital machines find their widest use in scientific problems involving statistical analysis and in business applications such as accounting and record keeping.

Digital computers are also being applied to the control of industrial processes. The computer generally performs supervisory function by evaluating process conditions against desired performance criteria and determining changes to provide optimum operation. More recently, digital computers have been used to provide direct digital control (DDC) of individual process variables.

3. THE SOLAR SYSTEM

(Для перевода со словарем)

The Sun. Although a medium-small star, the Sun Is over a thousand times as massive as Jupiter, and over 300,000 times as massive as the Earth. Its energy output, as light and heat, is extremely constant, probably varying no more than about 0.5 per cent from the average value. However, it is much more variable in its production of ultra-violet radiation, radio waves and charged particles. At frequent intervals, extremely intense solar outbursts of charged particles (cosmic rays) have been observed.