2. It Is common knowledge that the information about the meteoric phenomena are obtained largely by visual and photographic observations.

3. It has long been an accepted fact that waves are formed about any disturbance in a supersonic stream of air.

4. It has long been an accepted fact that the problem of static electricity is particularly serious with airplanes.

5. It has been generally established that the monoplane has many advantages over the biplane especially from an aerodynamic efficiency point of view.

• 6. It has been established that as one moves from the magnetic equator towards the poles, the intensity of the incoming cosmic radiation increases.

7. It has been recognized to an increasing degree that in nature many forces take place quite suddenly; that is to say, the forces acting are rapidly changing in magnitude and direction.

8. Переведите следующие слова и словосочетания, служащие для выражения отношения автора к высказанной мысли и для ее уточнения:

of course, to say the truth, by no means, in effect, perhaps, to be sure, possibly, needless to say, in all probability, at any rate, curiously enough, no doubt, happily, true, say, apparently, strange enough, basically, unfortunately, at best, more or less, surprisingly, in a sense, so to speak, in other words, presumably, suppose, fortunately, particularly, at most, generally speaking, not to mention, to put it in another way, so to say, in plain words, as a rule, to a certain extent, to say nothing of, to be more exact, indeed, more simply, as a matter of fact, beyond doubt, to be more precise, just, largely, merely, essentially, strictly speaking, in a broad sense, to be specific

9. Переведите предложения, содержащие конструкцию, в которой одно существительное управляется двумя различными предлогами, связанными союзом. ,

Помните, что прн переводе этой конструкции приходится, как правило, повторить существительное дважды.

Образец:

An antenna radiates most efficiently at or near its fundamental wave.

Антенна излучает наиболее эффективно на основной волне или вблизи основной волны (нее).

1. At the beginning of the 20th century people did not think of flying at or above the speed of sound.

2. This tube was designed for and will find its widest application in colour TV receivers.

3. The vast majority of transformers receive power from and deliver power to circuits with approximately constant potentials.

4. By using magnetometers and telemetering it is possible to study electrical currents flowing in and beyond the ionosphere.

5. In addition to the stars there are the nebulae, rarefied clouds of luminous gas, which are found only in or near the Milky Way.

6. Should a coloured light be desired from filament lamps it can only be obtained by transmitting the original light through, or reflecting it from, a material which absorbs the colours which are not required.

7. There are few occasions, except in laboratory work, when short-wave ultra-violet is permitted to travel through or beyond the lamp bulb.

8. One can think of investigations in the neighbourhood of, and even on, the planets Venus or Mars, which are similar to those described above for the moon.

9. An understanding of these interaction processes is of vital importance to anyone who wishes to work with or use any form of nuclear radiation.

10. What do we mean by a wave motion? Stated simply, it is a form of disturbance with certain fixed properties which travels through or in a substance.

11. The photo-electric cell is an essential unit in sound film reproduction, but for the moment we will examine its application to the transmission of pictures with and without wires.

12. Television is defined as a system whereby the image of a scene can be translated to, and reproduced in, another place.

10. Переведите предложения, содержащие многозначное служебное слово just и словосочетания с ним:

just 1. «только», «лишь»; 2. «только что»; 3 «точно», «как раз»; just now «только что»; just as... so «так же как... так и»; just as (like) «точно так же, как»

1. Hydrogen has just one proton and one electron in each atom.

2. The number of the element in Mendeleyevs table is just equal to the number of protons in its nucleus.

3. Free electrons may be obtained by methods other than the high-temperature emission just discussed.

4. Just as the planets travel round the Sun, so most of the planets have smaller bodies circling round them.

5. Mars is only one-tenth the mass of the Earth, and its diameter is just over one-half that of our planet.

6. Bergeracs machine was simple enough-just a box with a number of rockets attached to it.

7. The big advantage of a liquid propellant rocket is that it is completely controllable. The power, or thrust, can be regulated just like in an ordinary engine.

8. Thermal conductivity and thermoelectric power are deter-•mined in the electron theory by methods analogous to those just outlined.

9. Scientists are just now starting to explore the chemistry of low temperature.

10. Just as an electric field exists in the region around an-electric charge, so a magnetic field exists in the region around a. magnet.

11. We have just seen that the simplest way to determine by experiment the density of a substance is to weigh it.

12. Measurement of the temperatures shows just what we-might expect: that the further we are away from the Sun, the lower the temperature is.

11. Повторение. Переведите отрывки текста, обращая внимание на перевод; эллиптических конструкций.

1. Of all the planets in the solar system, Venus most nearly resembles the Earth in size, in mass anJ in density: and so it is-on Venus that we have the greatest expectation oi finding conditions very much like those that exist on the Earth. The path of Venus lies inside the path of the Earth. When at its nearest to the Earth, Venus is only 26 million miles away. No other body ever comes so near the Earth, with the exception of the Moon and an occasional comet or asteroid. When at its farthest from the Earth, Venus is 160 million miles away. With such a wide range between its greatest and its least distances, it is natural that at some times Venus appears much brighter than at others. When at its brightest, it is easily seen with the unaided eye in daylight.

2. In order that any particle, whether large or small, may be able to escape into outer space it is necessary that its velocity should exceed a certain critical value called the velocity of escape.

If we know the velocity of escape from any planet (which is dependent upon a knowledge of the mass and radius of the planet) and the average velocity of the molecules (which is determined by the molecular weight and the temperature), we can estimate with considerable accuracy whether the planet is likely to have retained its original atmosphere almost in its entirety, or to have lost a portion of its atmosphere or to have lost essentially the -whole of its atmosphere.

The inspection of the figures for the velocities of escape for different planets suggests that the large planets may be expected to have much more extensive atmospheres than that of the Earth.

Лексические упражнения

12. Переведите предложения, содержащие сложные прилагательные, в состав которых входит слово borne (11,1).

I. Rocket-borne ionization chambers are widely used to investigate primary ray intensity.

• resemble - быть похожим, напоминать