2. Slow neutrons can be detected by having them Interact with an isotope of boron.

3. Ttie advantage gained by having specialized groups concentrate on various tasks is obvious.

4. The main advantage of the autotransformation is the saving of copper obtained by having part of the winding serve as both primary and secondary.

5. In the early days of aviation, engines were small and could be started by having someone turn the propeller by hand.

6. Because of the many types of turbine engines, it is not possible to list all the major components and have the list apply to all engines.

3. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на значения слова ever и его сочетаний.

1. The earliest electrical experiment ever recorded is probably that of the Greek philosopher Thales (624-546 B.C.*).

2. Neutrons are ever present in all materials.

3. The science of chemistry is a vital and ever-changing science.

4. The ever-present force of gravity supplies the invisible force necessary for the forward motion of the plane.

5. Ever since Galileo invented his telescope men had been studying the motions of the planets with ever increasing interest and accuracy.

6. Ever since It was observed that biological organisms perform certain functions much more efficiently than machines, in a very much smaller space scientists have been interested in the laws of similitude.

4. Повторение. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание иа перевод инверсии, эллиптических конструкций и на различные значения глагола to have.

А Инверсия (§ 93-97)

1. The defining property of gases is their ability to expand indefinitely. Coupled with this is their extreme compressibility with even a small increase in pressure.

2. In one of the biggest particle accelerators a magnetic field is produced between the horizontal circular poles of a very large electromagnet. Placed between these poles is an evacuated chamber containing a hollow copper electrode.

3. Air-current speeds increase roughly 2.7 m/sec per kilometre of altitude. At 75 km. height the average velocity of stratospheric wind is 10 m/sec, while at about 100 km. it is already 60 m/sec. Noted also are considerable fluctuations in the direction and

* B.C. - до нашей эры

similitude - сходство, подобие

intensity of the wind, which is an indication of complex and irregular air currents at high altitudes.

4. Only in the case of the very largest asteroids has it been possible to measure their diameters.

5. Not only is the entire solar system isolated in space, but each of its principal members is separated from the others by distances that seem very large by everyday standards.

6. During World War II intensive work was done on silicon and germanium rectifiers for use in microwave and radar applications. Not until 1948, however, was the transistor discovered.

7. Without the luminescence the early discovery of X-rays would not have taken place, nor would there be, at the present time, certain methods of X-ray photography,

Б. Эллиптические конструкции § 100-104)

We have seen that there is little expectation, if any, of the existence of any atmosphere on Mercury. Though, at the present time, Mercury could hold an atmosphere composed of the heavier gases, the atmosphere must have escaped entirely if Mercury has remained very hot for any length of time after its formation. We have already concluded that the Earth, where conditions are much less favourable for the escape of an atmosphere, must have lost most of its original atmosphere whilst it was still hot. It is just possible that, though Mercury lost all its original atmosphere, gases were given off by the crust as it solidified and, if so. Mercury may possibly now have an extremely thin atmosphere of carbon dioxide.

It is not easy to find out anything very definite about conditions on Mercury by direct observations. Only telescope makes it possible for Mercury to be seen in broad daylight. Exceptionally steady atmospheric conditions are required for the study of the surface of Mercury.

Difficult as it is to observe the surface markings of Mercury, it is far more difficult to obtain any certain evidence of an atmosphere. Observations of the changes of phase suggest that there can be little, if any, atmosphere, and that the light is reflected from a rough surface, like that of the Moon.

B. Различные значения глагола to have

1. From what has been said so far, one might think that alternating current has little advantage over a direct current.

2. A solid propellant is often used for the final stage when the direction of final thrust has to be maintained accurately without further guidance and control.

3. These systems have similar tactical duties to perform.

4. The methods for making such predictions have long been known; in many areas methods of working out the correct answer or the optimum course of action exist,

5. We have already described interference phenomena in connection with the waves on the surface of a liquid, and the same reasoning can be applied to the interaction of two light waves.

6. A small amount (~20%) of excess power is provided to allow for failures and still have the reactor produce the desired power.

Лексические упражнения

5. Переведите предложения, содержащие глаголы to set, to set up, to set out, to set forth, to set forward и словосочетания to set in motion (12,3),

1. The directional gyro can be set to give any desired compass reading.

2. When a current flows through a conductor it sets up a magnetic field.

3. The different applications of radar are so numerous that it is impossible to set them out in detail in such a short article.

4. Considerations of VTOL (Vertical Take-Off and Landing) aircraft have been set forth in an article published recently.

5. When new scientific theories are set forward they usually begin with relating new observations to familiar concepts based upon older observations.

6. A force is needed to set a mass in motion.

6. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на перевод прилагательного valid и существительного validity (12,9).

1. We shall assume that the equations are valid in regard to static or slowly varying fields.

2. A review of digital computers and their applications must include considerations of the validity of the answers obtained. To be sure that the results are valid is of importance to the designer, builder and user.

3. The discovery of the planet Neptune in 1846 furnished the final tests of the validity of Newtons gravitational hypothesis.

7. Переведите предложения, содержащие глагол to escape (12,10). Укажите, от чего зависит выбор перевода этого глагола.

1. An electron escapes from a conductor with greater ease if its speed is increased.

2. During the process of charging and discharging hydrogen is formed, which must be allowed to escape.

3. The four satellites of Jupiter that Galileo discovered are visible in a small telescope. The remaining eight are very small; one of them escaped detection until recent years,