8. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на перевод выделенных слов* антонимов.

superior (12,11), inferior

1. Nuelear energy is far superior to the energy of chemical propellants.

2. Saturn is the second of the giant planets of our solar system; in size and mass it is Inferior only to Jupiter.

3. In general, the liquid propellants in common use yield specific impulses superior to those of available solid propellants.

4. Nickel and cobald are far inferior to iron as magnetic elements.

5. The liquid propellant engine sometimes is a superior power plant for larger missiles.

9. Переведите предложения, содержащие слова одного корня.

number п, numerable о. Innumerable о, numerous о, numerical о (12,15)

1. Enormous numbers of neutrons are available inside a reactor.

2. The quantity of stars of the first magnitude is quite numerable.

3. There are over a hundred elements which combine in different ways to produce the Innumerable different substances.

4. The factors affecting the choice of propellants for a particular application are numerous.

5. Because of its numerical nature, the digital computer is well suited to problems involving the processing of large masses of data.

10. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на го, что существительные effort н endeavour (12 18) имею1 близкие значения.

1. It is interestmg to note that many studies are being directed to the complicated chemistry of high temperature air. These efforts have yielded many interesting results.

2. All the endeavours of the scientists to find ways of eliminating errors in measuring the quantity of radiation reaching the screen have failed.

3. A variety of methods employing kinetic theory treatments have been developed m an effort to calculate the aerodynamic characteristics for a body flying in near free molecular conditions.

11. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание иа многозначность предлога against:

1. «против» (чего-л.); 2. «по отиощению» (к чему-л.); 3. «на фоне» (чего-л.)

1. The air-to-air missile is one which is launched from one airplane against another flying aircraft or air target.

2. Consider now the case where a rocl<et-propelIed missile is propelled in a frictionless medium without doing any work against gravity.

3. Work is the result of a force which acts against opposition to produce movement.

4. Air pressure is the combined force of the molecules of air pressing against an object.

5. We have already learned how a heavier-than-air machine is partially supported by the upward component of the air against which the airplane is driven.

6. The pilot must be seated so that he has full outside vision and thus will be able to check the instrument readings against the observed motions of the airplane.

7. The light from the sodium * layer is invisible by day against the background of bright sunlight.

8. The motion against the star background of the planets, the Sun and the Moon was the subject of some of the earliest observations and speculations by man.

12. Повторение. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на перевод следующих слов и словосочетаний.

А. Наречия:

hardly, continuously, nearly, readily, appreciably, conclusively, virtually, materially, eventually, ultimately

1. We hardly can say that we fully understand even the most elementary facts about the inner structure of the neutron.

2. Liquid rocket engine designers are continuously searching for fuel-oxident combinations with higher energy content.

3. A galvanometer has nearly all the essential parts of a simple electric motor.

4. It appears that better conductors are those whose atoms will fairly readily give up electrons from its outer orbit.

5. Alpha particle would penetrate the atom but it is not appreciably affected by electrical forces of repulsion.

6. Within recent years research has demonstrated conclusively the existence of close relationship between the atom and the unit electric charge.

7. In contrast with gases, liquids are virtually incompressible.

8. The above-mentioned construction materially simplifies the calculation procedure and Is expected to introduce only slight amounts of error into the computations.

9. Uranium, by loss of alpha particles and beta particles or electrons, gradually turned into substances of smaller atomic weight, eventually becoming radium.

* sodium -натрий

10. The Earths magnetic field wtiich stores and traps the particles comprising ttie radiation belt*, decreases in strength with decreasing distance from the Earth and ultimately becomes too week to store a significant amount of radiation.

Б. Словосочетания, выполняющие роль предлогов:

irrespective of, along witli, aside from, except for, Instead of, in addition to, on account of. In view of, owing to, at the expense of, because of, in comparison with, in contrast with, prior to, with respect to

11. Irrespective of frequency, the speed of radio waves through the atmosphere remains constant.

12. The high frequencies and short wavelengths of the X-ray lines along with the high voltages needed to produce them suggests that an atom undergoes large energy changes when releasing X-rays.

13. Aside from the Sun, the presently known solar system consists of 9 planets, more than 1500 catalogued asteroids, 31 satellites, and an unknown but very large number of comets and meteors.

14. Except for the lightest elements, the nucleus is a complicated system.

15. Instead of using protons and alpha particles, scientists began to direct beams of neutrons against target nuclei.

16. In addition to the planets and their moons, there is a group of solid bodies known as asteroids.

17. On account of the rapidly increasing temperature towards the interior, the degree of ionization of the solar atoms also increases toward the solar centre.

18. In view of the change in fundamental concepts of length and time, it is to be expected that the concept of relative velocity should also change.

19. Owing to the fact that they need not carry their own oxidizer, jet engines are finding some application in guided missiles.

20. The increased thrust of an engine must be provided at the expense of as little additional weight or drag as possible.

21. Because of its greater speed, the ramjet will probably replace the turbojet in future designs.

22. Gases, unless highly compressed, are characterized by extreme lightness In comparison with liquids and solids,

23. In contrast with gases, liquids are virtually incompressible.

24. Prior to removal of the rocket catapult on the ground through the cockpit floor opening, make sure that the catapult safety pin* is properly installed on the rocket catapult.

* radiation belt - радиационный пояс

• safety pin - предохранительная чека